2. GALLBLADDER

     In vertebrates the gallbladder (cholecyst, gall bladder, biliary vesicle) is a small organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver. In humans, the loss of the gallbladder is usually easily tolerated. The surgical removal of the gall bladder is called a cholecystectomy.

GALLBLADDER IMAGES

The gallbladder is a hollow system that sits just beneath the liver. In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter when fully distended. It is divided into three sections: fundus, body and neck. The neck tapers and connects to the biliary tree via the cystic duct, which then joins the common hepatic duct to become the common bile duct. At the neck of the gall bladder is a mucosal fold called Hartmann's pouch, where gallstones commonly get stuck. The angle of the gallbladder is located between the costal margin and the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle

 FUNCTION OF GALLBLADDER


       When food containing fat enters the digestive tract, it stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). In response to CCK, the adult human gallbladder, which stores about 50 millilitres of bile, releases its contents into the duodenum. The bile, originally produced in the liver, emulsifies fats in partly digested food.
During storage in the gallbladder, bile becomes more concentrated which increases its potency and intensifies its effect on fats.

ULTRASOUND IMAGE

GALLBLADDER GALLSTONE

DISEASES OF GALLBLADDER

        When a gallstone blocks a bile duct, it can cause a lot of pain. You may experience fever and chills or your skin or eyes may have a yellowish tint. These may be signs of an infection in your gallbladder or pancreas ( Pancreatitis ). How are gallstones created? They occur when cholesterol does not drain out of the gallbladder properly or if a person is trying to lose weight quickly.


GALLBLADDER ULTRASOUND TRAINING VIDEO