The kidneys are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They
are located near the middle of the back, just below the rib cage, one on
each side of the spine. The kidneys are sophisticated reprocessing
machines. Every day, a person's kidneys process about 200 quarts of
blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water. The
wastes and extra water become urine, which flows to the bladder through
tubes called ureters. The bladder stores urine until releasing it
through urination.
Wastes in the blood come from the normal breakdown of active tissues,
such as muscles, and from food. The body uses food for energy and
self-repairs. After the body has taken what it needs from food, wastes
are sent to the blood. If the kidneys did not remove them, these wastes
would build up in the blood and damage the body.
The actual removal of wastes occurs in tiny units inside the kidneys
called nephrons. Each kidney has about a million nephrons. In the
nephron, a glomerulus-which is a tiny blood vessel, or
capillary-intertwines with a tiny urine-collecting tube called a tubule.
The glomerulus acts as a filtering unit, or sieve, and keeps normal
proteins and cells in the bloodstream, allowing extra fluid and wastes
to pass through. A complicated chemical exchange takes place, as waste
materials and water leave the blood and enter the urinary system.
KIDNEY IMAGES
ULTRASOUND IMAGES
abnormalities
Fetal polycystic kidneys (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease- ARPKD):
Case 1:
Sonography of the fetal abdomen in this 2nd trimester fetus reveals- 1) bilateral grossly enlarged fetal kidneys, almost filling the entire abdomen 2) markedly hyperechoic fetal kidneys with minute anechoic areas within them. 3) oligohydramnios 4) poorly distended urinary bladder. This ultrasound image is diagnostic of fetal polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). This image was taken by Dr. Durr-e-Sabih, Pakistan, using a Toshiba Nemio-30 color doppler machine.
Sonography of another case of infantile polycystic kidney disease (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease) or ARPKD: Case 2:
These ultrasound images (another case) also show grossly enlarged, echogenic fetal kidneys with minute cystic lesions (1 to 2 mm.) within them. The cystic lesions in this case, as well as the previous case show a typical rosette like pattern that is typical of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. These ultrasound images are courtesy of Dr. Jaydeep Gandhi, Mumbai India. The machine used is a Nemio 30 from Toshiba.
KIDNEY ULTRASOUND TRAINING VIDEO
RENAL ULTRASOUND
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